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The United States is home to more immigrants than any other country in the world. While the U.S. made up just 4 percent of the global population in 2024, it was home to 17 percent of all international migrants.

Many Americans say they would prefer to vote for candidates with centrist (moderate) preferences. Yet very few Republican and Democratic candidates for Congress run for office on moderate campaign platforms or behave as moderates in office. Why don’t more candidates respond to the public’s demands for moderate issue positions?

Although public debate often treats unauthorized immigration as strictly a border issue, millions of people without legal status live and work far from U.S. points of entry. In this brief, we examine who is living in the U.S. without authorization and where they live.